Mussels Mariniere: Great Finger Food from France
When I was a boy, I lost too many fishing days scraping too many baby mussels from the bottom of my Dad's runabout. As much as I enjoyed using the boat for fishing, I enjoyed this job as much as weeding his beloved pineapple patch.
It was not until college that I discovered the better side of shellfish when my friend Kurt Westfall handed me a claw hammer and took me wading near his home in St. Petersburg. We wore old canvas Keds, canvas gloves, and carried canvas bags. I have fond memories of beach bonfires with big bowls of bivalves and beer.
There are many recipes for cooking mussels, clams, and oysters on the grill, my favorite way of cooking almost everything, but they have one fatal flaw. They waste the liquor.
Liquor, in this case, is the incredibly rich briny broth in which the mussel meat floats and exudes when cooked. When you throw bivalves on the grill the shells pop open and spill much of their bodily fluids into the flames. As a barbecue evangelist, it is my sad duty to tell you that bivalves are better in a pot. The outdoor cook can do this recipe in a pot on a campfire or a grill, or on your side burner, but it is just as good indoors.
The cooler months are the best time for salt water mussels (smooth black shells), clams (rippling white shells), and oysters (bumpy lumpy, jagged shells). When the water is warm they are in the mood for love and they lose weight and flavor. They are best from October through April in the northern hemisphere, when they store fat. Fresh water mussels aren't very good tasting.
Not surprisingly, the French created the best recipe for mussels, called Moules Mariniere, and my wife and I have adapted it successfully with clams and oysters. It is great beach and football watching fare. At home we always prepare more moules than we need, and the leftovers make a rich, heady pasta sauce for later in the week.
Buying and storing mussels
Because they are widely farmed by planting their seed in ropes dangling from buoys, mussels are less expensive than clams and oysters, and they taste fine to me. In addition, farm raised mussels are easier to clean than wild, and rarely have sand in them. The green-lipped variety is becoming fairly widespread. People who dislike the idea of fish farms should have no compunctions over mussel farms. They are not fed anything artificial, there is no genetic engineering involved, and the waste is no problem.
Three pounds of mussels yields about 1 pound of edible meat. I usually buy 24 per person, enough for discarding dead ones and for leftovers for pasta. Ask your store for the freshest bag of mussels. You want them alive. By law grocers must keep records of the date of harvest and location, so do not shy from asking for this info. Mussels usually are shipped in mesh bags, and should be stored in the refrigerator. Sniff them before you buy. They should smell like a handful of fresh seaweed. They should not smell fishy or, pardon the expression, poopy. If there are dead ones, they usually have a rotting or fecal smell. The nose knows.
Mussels are naturally high in protein and minerals, and have a rich flavor. Depending upon their origin, they can vary in brininess, fattiness, and taste.
If you cannot use a bag of mussels same day, wrap them in wet newspaper and put them in a bowl on top of ice in the refrigerator for up to 48 hours. Do not store them under water. They are salt water animals and might die if kept in fresh water for long.
Some mussels have beards. These hairy filaments are like tentacles that hold them in place in the wild. By the time they reach the store, many have had their beards clipped. In case they haven't, or some fibers remain, cut them with a scissors just before cooking. Do not yank them off as soon as you get them home or you might kill the mussel.
Serving
After they are done cooking, and they cook in a scant 10 to 15 minutes, we ladle them, shells and all, into big shallow bowls with plenty of the liquor laden broth and serve with crusty bread or grilled bread. Garlic bread is wonderful with mussels.
The bread is dipped into the broth, although I often like to tear off a hunk, scoop the meat from the shell, plop it on the bread, and then dunk it in the broth for a savory juicy little sandwich. If you are dainty you can pluck the mussels from the shells with an empty shell by using it like tongs.
Although I love sourdough, I prefer this recipe with a baguette. Sometimes if I feel like indulging my wife or guests, I will scoop the meat from the shells with an empty shell before serving, but most of the time we prefer licking them clean. If you do remove the shells, make sure to scrape the adductor muscle that holds the meat to the shell. You don't want to lose this tasty chewy morsel of mussel! I cannot think of a better better finger food except maybe ribs.
Leftovers
We always make more than we can eat and then save the meat and liquor. They freeze well. But we usually just throw them in a plastic tub and later in the week we boil up some spaghetti and top it with the mussels and juice. No need to thicken it or flavor it or do anything else to it, although a little fresh chopped tomato and herbs do perk it up a bit.
Recipe
Yield. Makes 6 servings (4 if you want leftovers for pasta)
Preparation time. 25 minutes
Cooking time. 15 minutes
Ingredients
1 cup tart white wine
1/4 cup olive oil
1/4 cup half and half, cream, or milk
6 cloves garlic, peeled and coarsely chopped or pressed
1/2 cup chopped parsley
1/2 cup minced onion or shallots
2 tablespoons dried oregano (or 4 tablespoons fresh oregano)
2 tablespoons fresh ginger, peeled and finely minced
1/4 teaspoon red pepper flakes or chipotle pepper powder
4 meaty tomatoes such as Romas
96 (8 dozen) fresh mussels
3 crusty baguettes or garlic bread
Optional mix-in. A squeeze of half a lemon or lime is really nice.
About the wine. You want a tart, high acid white such as a Sauvignon Blanc or Semillon. We once used a sweet/tart moscato, and it was wonderful with a hint of sweetness, but I like the tart wines better. Do not use sherry or "cooking wine". This dish is very popular in Belgium where it is made with pale colored ale. I tried it this way and it is wonderful. If you don't want to use wine or beer (nobody will get drunk, I promise you), use fish or veggie stock.
About the ginger. This must be fresh ginger. Powdered is not the same.
Serve with. A salad, 3 crusty baguettes, and a tart white wine. Sauvignon Blanc or Semillon work especially well because they sometimes have an herbaceous quality that enhances the herbs in the dish while the tartness cuts the oil. Try to find a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc or a Sancerre from France.
Garnish. If you wish you can garnish with fresh parsley, herbs, and even a drizzle of top quality extra virgin olive oil.
Do this
1) Just before you are ready to cook, you must do a little triage. This selection and cleaning process is critical because one dead mussel in the pot will stink up the kitchen and have you ordering out for pizza. Begin by rinsing them one at a time, washing off dirt and seaweed. Squeeze each mussel between your thumb and forefinger trying to slide the shells across each other. There should be resistance from the adductor muscle within the shell. If they slide easily, they are probably dead and must be discarded. If one is a lot heavier than the rest, it may be filled with mud or sand, so place it in the sink, crack it open, and check. Mussels with or broken shells should be discarded, too, because they are likely dead. It is often said that those with open shells should be discarded, but this is not true. Some live mussels open up after they have been out of water for a while and remain alive. If the shells hold firm, and they smell fresh and salty, you can keep them. The nose knows. When in doubt, throw it out.
2) Once you have culled the live from the questionable and rinsed them, submerge them for an hour or so with one tablespoon of salt per quart of water to get any stale water out of their systems. If the water gets cloudy, change it. Some people put in a few tablespoons of flour or cornmeal for the same purpose, and some say this fattens them up. My informal experiments are inconclusive. I don't see that this makes a diff. Just before cooking you should cut the beards off with a scissors or yank them.
3) Cut the stem end off the tomatoes, about 1/2" from the top so you can see the gelatinous center, and hold them stem down over the garbage can. Squeeze out the seeds. Then coarsely chop them.
4) Mix all the ingredients except the mussels and tomatoes in a large, covered, non-reactive pot, kettle, or wok. Crank the heat up and put the pot on until it is boiling, add the mussels and tomatoes, stir until the mussels are coated, and steam for 10 minutes, or until the shells have popped open and beg your indecent attentions. Do not overcook. Discard any that have not opened. Adjust seasoning to taste, but they should not need salt. You can add some fresh oregano, thyme, basil, parsley, or a drizzle of fresh olive oil at this stage if you wish.
5) Make sure plenty of napkins are on hand as well as an empty bowl for shells. When you cannot eat another one, shell the remainder, and set them aside with the remaining liquid for a pasta sauce.
Here are some good videos of how to select and prepare mussels
This page was revised 1/26/2011
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