Seasoning a new grill or smoker When you get a new grill or smoker, there is often dust, grease, or oil from the manufacturing and shipping process inside where the food goes. Some models were painted and packed in the same day and the paint was not baked on leaving pores in the paint. Not good. The goal of seasoning a new grill is to remove all traces of contaminants, seal the pores, and bake on paint. Begin by wiping down all surfaces with soap and water and rinse thoroughly. Then fire it up and get it as hot as you can for about 30 minutes with all the vents open so anything left from the factory or shipping will burn off. While it is hot, take out the cooking grates, water pan, and other parts and set them aside to cool. Then spray a little vegetable oil on everything inside the cooking chamber and burn up to eight ounces of wood. This will start coating the sides with carbon and smoke which will help prevent condensation when you are cooking. Kinda like seasoning an old cast iron pan. And makes your cooker look kewl and smell sexy. You can then start cooking while the oven is hot, or let it cool and cook later.

How to place a probe Most grills and smokers come with a bi-metal dial thermometer mounted in the lid. Well that's usually 6 to 8" above the cooking surface, and the temp up there is drastically different from where the food is. Remember, heat dissipates rapidly as you move away from the heat source. Combine this fact with the fact that dial thermometers, even the best, are not terribly accurate, and the conclusion is that these things are practically worthless. You might as well paint them over. Place your digital thermometer probe 1 to 2" above the cooking surface but don't let the tip touch the metal of the grate which is hotter than the air surrounding it. Some thermometers, like the Maverick, come with a handy clip that does the job just fine. If you don't have a clip, use a small potato, a radish, or a wine cork. Make sure the tip, where the sensitive parts are, protrudes from the veggie. Don't use a wine cork in very hot parts of the grill, it can catch on fire and damage your probe.

Paint your grill silver? If the goal is to maximize heat in the cooking chamber of a grill, then why do so many manufacturers paint their grills black? Black absorbs heat as any black car owner can tell you. Black is a good color for a smoker, but not a grill. The goal of a grill is to heat the meat, not the metal. The goal of a smoker is to heat the cooking chamber so it holds steady for long slow cooks. Paint a grill black and all the heat goes into the metal. Same theory as why photographers use white, silver, or gold reflectors. They bounce the light, which is energy. So if you want to amp up your new grill a notch, buy a spray can of white or silver super duper high-temp engine or oven paint, and paint the interior of your grill. Do not use normal paints, be careful to let the grill dry thoroughly, and don't scrape it off when you clean it.

For your first cook with a new smoker I know you want to do brisket or ribs. Don't. Brisket is tricky and there are many opportunities for failure. Ribs are not so tricky, but if you don' have things under control they can easily be overcooked. Start off on the right foot. Do a pork butt and make pulled pork with my recipe. It is almost impossible to screw this up. Pork butt can withstand wild changes in temp, too much smoke, and many other problems you can have with a new toy. And it is cheap!

Calibrating Your Grill or Smoker with Dry Runs

"The first thing to do is close your eyes and say 'I am smarter than my grill. I will not let it ruin meals and make me look like a fool or make my family sick.'" Meathead

Remember, when you close the hood, your grill or smoker is just an oven. The main difference between an outdoor oven and an indoor oven is that most grills do not have thermostat control, they are not well insulated, and their cooking temps are influenced by sun, wind, rain, and at my house, snow. The other big difference is that everything tastes better on the grill. In order to take advantage of the great flavor the grill imparts, you need to control the temp, and you need to know what the temp is at the cooking surface all times. Just like indoors.

The first step to becoming a great outdoor cook is to master your instrument, and the best way to do this is to calibrate it with dry runs. No food needed.

The goal is to give you a feel for how your cooker responds to you, but most importantly, how to hit target temps in recipes. Foods, especially meats, are complex chemical concoctions, and their chemistry changes with temp. Read my article on meat science for more on the subject. Because the 2-Zone or Indirect setup is a technique the best outdoor cooks use to cook most everything (it prevents burning, provides a safe zone, produces even temps in the center of thick cuts), it is very important that you click the red link and read my article on the subject, and conduct all tests by setting up for 2-zone cooking.

When you are done with these dry runs, you want to know how to get the air temp of your cooker to three important numbers: 225°F, 325°F, and whatever the top end of your grill is.

These are common targets in my recipes. At 225°F you are cooking low and slow, at a temperature that muscle fibers don't seize up and squeeze out all the juices, perfect for tough cuts of meat like ribs and pork shoulder. Although water boils at 212°F, the water in meat is mixed with proteins and other compounds, so at 225°F on the surface, the water is not hot enough to generate steam.

At 325°F you are cooking hot enough for the Maillard effect to brown the surface proteins, caramelize sugars, render fats, and crisp skins. It usually kicks in at about 310°F. This is the temp I recommend for most turkey and chicken skins. You want to know what the top end is because you will want that for searing the surface of steaks, and for grilling pizza.

The basic concept is to fire up your cooker, make adjustments that will change the temp one variable at a time, and take notes with a cooking log. Click the link to download the one I use. Don't forget to make note of the ambient weather conditions. Your grill will run hotter on sunny days than breezy days or rainy days.

You are doing experimental research here so it is important to apply a vital rule in the scientific method: Change only one variable at a time. Do everything exactly the same from experiment to experiment, change only one thing, and you will learn something factual.

You absolutely positively need a good oven thermometer to calibrate and for when you cook. It is foolhardy machismo to think you can guesstimate the temp by holding your hand over the grill. Everybody's sensitivity to heat is different, and because heat dissipates rapidly as you move away from the source, just moving your hand up or down a few inches can make a major difference.

The thermometer probe needs to be at the grate level where the food is, not in the lid. There can be a big temp diff. Get a digital. It is far more accurate than a dial thermometer which can be off by as much as 50°F. Please read my Buying Guide to Thermometers.

Dry runs for gas and pellet grills

1) Read my article on 2-zone setups. Notice if the burners march from front to back or from side to side. Turn one burner on high and leave the others off. Put the probe above the hot burner and close the lid. When the temp stabilizes, write down the temp and how long it took to stabilize. Then move the probe above the cold burner furthest away and record the temp. If you have three or more burners, add one burner on high at a time and take measurements. Then start cutting them back to 3/4 on the dial, then 1/2 etc. Keep fiddling until you figure out how to get to 225°F and 325°F on the indirect side.

2) Now check for hotspots. Buy some tubes of those ready-made biscuits like Pillsbury Biscuits or a loaf of white bread. Turn all burners to medium, close the lid, and let the temp stabilize. After about 15 minutes place the biscuits or the bread on the grill in a grid, with about 1 or 2" between them. Move quickly or have someone help you. Close the lid and don't open it unless you smell burning. After about 10 minutes, open the lid and quickly flip them. Take a picture. You will see that your grill has some hotspots. Print the picture so you know where they are. If they biscuits are not golden, let them cook longer on the second side and then flip and shoot. Finish cooking the biscuits, make some sausage gravy, and chow down.

3) Repeat the tests with a water pan as described in my article on the best setup for a gas grill. A water pan above the burners is a great way to stabilize heat and add humidity to the oven. Humidity alters heat transfer, dehydration of the food, and mixes with combustion gases and improves the flavor. If you have a gas grill with only one burner, you need to master this setup. But you should really consider upgrading to a multiburner grill. It gives you much more versatility.

Dry runs for charcoal grills

1) Buy one brand of charcoal briquets and use it for all your dry runs. Even if you normally cook with lump charcoal, start with briquets because they are more consistent from batch to batch than lump. Store charcoal in a dry place. Use a chimney to light the coals, and fill it to the top for all dry runs. This way you will get the same number of coals every test. If you really want to be anal, count the briquets. Wait until the coals are coated with white ash before using them. That will take about 15 minutes, so don't dump the coals into the grill until 20 minutes after you have lit them. Repeat these steps exactly for each test.

2) Open all vents all the way. Most of the time you will want to leave the top vents open all the way when you are cooking to prevent too much smoke and creosote buildup inside the oven. You will control the heat by controlling the oxygen reaching the coals, and that means controlling the bottom or intake vents only. At right is a photo of how John Cooper of Murfreesboro, TN, marked the settings on his Weber kettle. He explains "There are four marks. The outer two marks (with the arrows extending) show where full open and full closed begin. The inner two marks are half open and quarter open. Notice they are not linear but that's probably due to the shape of the dampers and the arc of their travel. In this photo the grill is set between quarter open and full closed which is the area where most of my four hour cook occurred while trying to maintain 225 to 235°F."

3) Set up for 2-Zone or Indirect cooking. That means you will dump all the coals on one half the grill and none on the other half. The side with coals is the direct heat side, the side without the coals is the indirect heat side.

4) Put the thermometer probe in the middle of the cooking grate on the indirect side. Count the rows of grates from the edge where you placed the probe so you can put it in the exact same location on repeat tests. Write it down. Put the lid on with the vents over the indirect side. Remember, opening the lid lets heat out and oxygen in. Wait for the temp to stabilize by watching the thermometer, probably at least 5 minutes. Take a reading and write it down.

5) Move the probe to the center of the direct side, put the lid on, and take a reading when the temp stabilizes. Make sure you are using a thermometer that can withstand high heat. It can get 600°F or more on the hot side. Write down the reading.

6) Close the bottom vents to 1/2 open and leave the exhaust vents open all the way. Wait for the temp to drop and take a reading. This could take 15 minutes or more. Make a note of how long it takes to stabilize. Move the probe to the indirect side. Wait and read. Close the intake vent to 1/4 open and repeat. Close the intake all the way and repeat. Open it full and repeat. Watch the temp drop as the coals burn down.

7) If you can't get down to 225°F, do another dry run with only half a chimney.

8) If you have a charcoal grill, read my article on the Best Setup for Charcoal Grills. Continue your calibration with a water pan. A water pan is a great way to stabilize heat and add humidity to the oven. Humidity alters heat transfer, dehydration of the food, and mixes with combustion gases to improve the flavor.

9) Study and remember what you have learned.

Dry runs for smokers and other grills

There are soooo many different outdoor cookers on the market I can't go through the steps for each of them, but if you read the above, you should get the idea. Read my articles on the Best Setup for Offset Smokers, and the Best Setup for Bullet Smokers like the Weber Smokey Mountain. Do dry runs, change one variable at a time, take notes, and learn how to setup for 2-zone cooking and how to get to 225°F and 325°F.

This page was revised 7/13/2011